Catfish is one type of fish that can live in a high density. This fish has a conversion rate of feed into body weight is good. With this nature, catfish will be very profitable if done intensively.
There are two segments of catfish farming, hatcheries and the segment is segment enlargement. Segment betjuan hatcheries to produce seed catfish, while the enlargement segment aims to produce catfish ready for consumption. On this occasion alamtani will discuss the preparation stages of the enlargement of catfish farming segment.
Preparation of pond fish farming catfish
There are various types of pools that can be used to a catfish. Each type has advantages and disadvantages to an individual when viewed in terms of cultivation. To decide what an ideal, please consider environmental conditions, availability of labor and resources there.
These types of pools are commonly used in catfish farming is ground pools, cement pond, pool tarp, cages and pens. But in this article we will discuss ground pool, considering the type of pond is the most widely used by fish farmers. As additional knowledge, please read how to make a fish pond . Stages to be done in preparing ground pools are as follows:
a. Drying and tillage
Before the seeds sown catfish, the pool must be drained telebih first. Pegeringan ranges from 3-7 days old or rely on the heat of the sun. As a rule, when the ground was cracked, the pool can be considered quite dry.
Drying an aim to break the presence of microorganisms that cause germs. The microorganisms can bekembang of catfish previous period. By draining and drying, the majority of pathogenic microorganisms will die.
After drying, the surface of the plowed soil with a hoe or reversed. Tillage is needed to improve soil friability and dispose of toxic gas that is buried in the ground.
Along with the process of piracy, lifting a layer of black mud contained in the bottom of the pool. The mud is usually stink for storing toxic gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The gases that are formed from stacks of leftover food are not eaten by the fish.
b. Liming and fertilizing
Liming serves to balance the acidity of the pond and help eradicate pathogenic microorganisms. Type of lime used is dolomite or lime.
Liming is done by stocked evenly on the surface of the pond. Once dotted with limestone, chalk behind the ground to seep inside. The dose needed for calcification is 250-750 grams per square meter, or depending on the degree of acidity of the soil. The more acidic the soil more and more lime is needed.
The next step is fertilization. Use the combined organic manure plus urea and TSP. The recommended type of organic fertilizer is manure or compost . The dose as much as 250-500 grams per square meter. While chemical fertilizers are urea and TSP respectively 15 grams and 10 grams per square meter. Fertilizing the pond aims to provide nutrients for aquatic biota such as phytoplankton and worms. Biota is useful for the natural food channel catfish.
c. The setting of pool water
The ideal water level for catfish farming is 100-120 cm. Filling the pool is done gradually. Once the fertilized pond, fill it with water to the extent of 30-40 cm. Let the pools exposed to sunlight for one week.
With such depth, sunlight can still penetrate to the bottom of the pond and allow the pond biota such as phytoplankton are growing well. The pool water was overgrown with greenish phytoplankton.
After one week, the seed catfish ready to be stocked. Furthermore, the water pools plus a regular basis in accordance with the growth of catfish to the ideal altitude.
Free catfish
Selecting seeds catfish
The success rate of catfish farming is largely determined by the quality of the seed stocked. There are several types of catfish are commonly cultivated in Indonesia. Please read more about the types of catfish farming .
We recommend this type of catfish Sangkuriang developed BBPBAT Sukabumi. Fish catfish is the result of the improvement of African catfish. BBPBAT develop fish catfish because of the quality of African catfish currently circulating in society has declined over time.
Catfish seed we can get by buying or doing their own hatchery catfish. To create its own hatchery please read the way catfish hatcheries and hatchery practices catfish .
a. Terms of improved seed
Seeds are stocked seed should be completely healthy. The characteristics of healthy seeds agile movements, there are no defects or lesions on the surface of the body, free from germs and normal swimming movement. To test the movement, place the fish in the water flow. If the fish are challenging the current direction of the water and can survive mean good swimming motion.
The size of seed for the cultivation of catfish usually have a length of about 5-7 cm. Try to average size of fish that can grow and develop together. From the seed of it, within a period of 2.5-3.5 months maintenance would be obtained catfish tails measure consumption by 9-12 per kilogram.
b. How sowing seeds
Before the seeds spread, adjust the climate first. The trick, put the seed containers (buckets / jerry cans) into the pool. Let stand for 15 minutes to allow the adjustment of the temperature where the seeds with the pool temperature as the new environment. Tilt the container and let the seeds out on its own. This method is useful to prevent stress on the seed.
Sprinkle the seeds catfish into the pond at a density of 200-400 individuals per square meter. The better the quality of the pool water, the higher the number of seeds that can be accommodated. The water level should not be more than 40 cm when the seeds spread. This prevents the seeds from the fish could reach the surface of the water to retrieve food or breathe. Charging the next pond adjusted to body size of fish to reach the ideal height of the water.
Determine the capacity of the pool
Here's how to calculate the capacity of the pond for catfish farming intensively. Assumptions pool depth of 1-1.5 meters (depth recommended). Then the seed catfish stocking density recommended is 200-400 individuals per square meter. For example, for a pool measuring 3 x 4 meters, the minimum number of fish seed (3 × 4) x 200 = 2400 tail, maximum (3 × 4) x 400 = 4800 individuals.
Note: kapaistasnya fewer ground pool from the pool wall .
Feed for catfish
Feed is the biggest cost component in catfish farming. There are so many brands and varieties of feed on the market. Good catfish feed is feed that offers Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) is smaller than one. FCR is the ratio of the amount of feed compared to the growth of meat. The smaller the value of FCR, the better the quality of feed.
To achieve maximum results with minimum costs, apply main feeding and supplementary feeding is balanced. When the mill feed was expensive, try making your own catfish feed alternatives .
a. The main feeding
As a carnivorous fish, catfish feed should contain lots of animal protein. In general, the content of nutrients needed catfish are proteins (minimum 30%), fat (4-16%), carbohydrates (15-20%), vitamins and minerals.
Various pellets sold in the market on average is equipped with a description of the nutritional content. We stayed very clever to choose which one is to be trusted. Remember, not to buy expired food.
Feed should be given according to need. In general every day catfish feed requires 3-6% of body weight. For example, catfish weighing 50 grams require feeding as much as 2.5 grams (5% of body weight) per cow. Then grab sampling every 10 days, and then weigh again and adjust the amount of feed given. Two weeks before harvest, the percentage of feeding was reduced to 3% of body weight.
Feeding schedule should be adjusted to the appetite of fish. The frequency of 4-5 times a day. Frequency of feeding on small fish that they should be more frequent. Feeding time can be morning, afternoon, evening and night.
Catfish are nocturnal animals, active at night. Consider feeding more in the afternoon and evening. The giver of feed should be keen to see the reactions of fish. Give food when eating catfish feed aggressively and stop when the fish was seen lazy to eat.
b. Supplementary feeding
In addition to the main feed, can be considered also to provide additional feed. Supplementary feeding is helpful to save expenses feed drain bag.
If we pool close to the fish auction, could consider granting fresh trash fish. Trash fish is the result of marine fish catches are unfit for human consumption due to the size or defects in his arrest. Can also make maggots out of a mixture of tofu.
Snails and chicken waste can be provided with first processing. Processing can be done by boiling. Then separate the meat snails with their shells, then quartered. To clean the waste chicken feathers before it is fed to catfish.
One thing that must be considered in giving feed catfish, do not be late or less. Because catfish have the nature of cannibals, which likes to prey like. If the lack of feed, the fish were bigger in size to prey on smaller fish.
water management
Another important point in catfish farming is water management pond. To get the most quality and quantity of water must be maintained.
Keep an eye on the water quality of the unconsumed feed pile runs out at the bottom of the pool. The embankment will cause ammonia or hydrogen sulfide gas which is characterized by the presence of a foul odor.
If it appears a foul odor, waste water third bottom. Then refill it with new water. The frequency of water discharge is highly dependent on the feeding habits. If in feeding lots led to the left, turn the water will be more frequent.
Pest and disease control
The most common pests in catfish among other pest predators such as otters, snakes, sero, water weasels and birds. While the pests become contenders include tilapia fish. To prevent this is by installing a filter on the entrance and exit of water or install a fence around the pool.
Disease in catfish farming can come from protozoa, bacteria and viruses. All three of these microorganisms cause deadly diseases. Some of them are white spots, abdominal bloating and wounds in the head and tail.
To prevent infection is to maintain the quality of water, control of excess feed, maintain the cleanliness of the pool, and maintain the pool temperature in the range of 28 o C. In addition to infectious diseases, catfish can also be non-infectious disease such as yellow, vitamin deficiency and others. To learn more about the disease control please read pest and disease control catfish .
Harvest catfish
Catfish can be harvested after reaching a size of 9-12 individuals per kg. The size of it can be achieved within 2.5-3.5 months of the seeds measuring 5-7 cm. In contrast to the domestic consumption, catfish for export purposes usually reach sizes of 500 grams per fish.
One day (24 hours) prior to harvest, catfish should not be fed in order not defecate while being transported. At the time of catfish harvested to separate the sorting is done by size catfish. Separation of size have an impact on the price. Catfish that have been sorted by size will increase income for farmers.
Posting Komentar Blogger Facebook